Reasons Behind Sore Eyes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 334 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? A sight for sore eyes is one thing, but a sight with sore eyes is another. Sore eyes, or conjunctivitis, can be serious enough to prevent you from getting a clear view of everything around you. If you suffer from an attack of sore eyes, here are things that you can do to relieve the pain and irritation. Conjunctivitis is an infection characterized by irritation of the outer parts of the eye, particularly the inner eyelids. The inflammation may spread itself to parts of the outer eyelids and the corneas. People suffering from sore eyes usually have very red, itchy, irritated eyes. Conjunctivitis is also a contagious illness, and can be passed around through direct contact with a handkerchief, towelette, or a piece of tissue paper. Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by bacteria that enter the eye, causing redness and irritation. Some cases of bacterial conjunctivitis may cause pus discharge and other complications. Viral conjunctivitis causes the eye to turn very red. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reasons Behind Sore Eyes" essay for you Create order The disease is also known as â€Å"pink eye†. Chemical conjunctivitis is caused by allergens or other toxic chemicals (like soap, shampoo, or rubbing alcohol) irritating the sensitive areas of the outer eye. The good news is that most cases of viral conjunctivitis will heal themselves through time, although you really have to be quick on your feet for cases of chemical conjunctivitis. Here are some home remedies you can try to cure your sore eyes. Water flush. If your sore eyes are caused by chemical irritation, flush your eyes with clean tap water immediately. Warm compresses can help inhibit the growth and reproduction of viruses that cause viral conjunctivitis. To prevent damage to your eyes, wrap the hot water bottle in thicker towels than what you would usually use for a hot compress. Sore eyes can be irritating, painful, and unsightly. With these tips to help you get rid of your sore eyes, you can see the world and the world can see you with the best look and view possible.

Subcultural Inequality Theory - 921 Words

1-Albert Cohen: Greek-born Romaniote Jewish Swiss who developed theories that represent extensions to the theories of strain, social disorganization, and differential association. He was also a student of Robert Merton and Edwin Southerland. Cohen argues that middle-class children experience strain and status frustration to which they respond to adopting one of three roles: college boy, corner boy, or delinquent boy. Cohen also developed the theory of subcultural delinquency. 2-Diffential Opportunity Theory: Developed by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin by utilizing Merton’s observation to explain that conventional means to conventional success are not equally distributed among social classes and that criminal behavior is learned and†¦show more content†¦It is considered the most important social bond. The theory of attachment was developed by Psychologist John Bowlby who defined attachment as a â€Å"lasting psychological connectedness between human beings† (Cherry, K.) 8-Reaction formation: It is a defense mechanism that switches unaccepted behavior to its opposite. Ex. Saying I like a band out of fear I will be judged for it. This mechanism relieves anxiety through rejecting what one wants but can’t obtain. 9-Drift: The theory of drift was introduced by Gresham Sykes and David Matza. â€Å"Drift is the motion in and out of delinquency, moving from orthodox and criminal values† (Neutralization and Drift Theory). The theory of Neutralization and Drift propose that the juveniles sense obligation to the law. When this obligation is strained, juveniles might drift into crime. 10-Belief: â€Å"Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be true. Individuals in a society have specific beliefs, but they also share collective values† (Learning, L). I believe that money is good because without it I couldn’t pay for tuition at Utica College. I also believe that people’s beliefs vary according to the society believe in. Street gangs believe that fighting other gangs while others rather believe in peace between subcultures. The terms defined above have contributed to the development of new research methods and technics that have continuously been used andShow MoreRelatedExamining Sub-Cultures: The Goth Culture1665 Words   |  7 Pagesare some features of a Goth male who is engaging in the set norms of Gothic subculture. Men and women are said to be seen as equals, Gothic subculture is underpinned by the notion of genderlessness existing within the culture itself. Classical subcultural characteristics are evident here, Goths style of dress and their values are direct deviations from societal norms. 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Business Analysis Case Study Human Resources

Question: Discuss about the Business Analysis Case Study for Human Resources. Answer: Introduction The Griffith University is a large scale university with more than forty five thousand students and more than four thousand administrative staff. The huge number of students includes the local students as well as overseas students. The introduction of the new teaching methods like cloud teaching, BYOD and other systems like the six week teaching periods are some recent changes that have created a different state for the University administration. For a large scale university like the Griffith University the handling of the operations and allotting proper human resources is surely a large scale task. One of the main issues faced while compiling this report is that there is a lack of information and cost specifications that were unavailable while compiling the report. Even though there is a huge number of administrative staff, teachers and guest lecturers, teaching multiple topics in five campuses of the University, there is a need for better management of operations and funds(Charline , 2011). In this report, we shall evaluate the relationship between the operational costs of the University of Griffith and the effective evaluation of the Human Resource of the university. The following report shall the scope and the methods of the relationship of the operational cost and the human resource usage in the context of the new evaluation process. Identification of the Business Problem and Need Problem generation The problem of a large scale university like the Griffith University is that it requires proper guidance to utilize and maintain its operations properly. More than four thousand people are engaged in the operations of the University housing more than forty five thousand students. There are multiple subjects being taught and there is a huge amount of money being used for administrative purposes, which surely brings up the problems of administration. The operational management also includes using the existing human resource management easily and effectively, for which there is a need for cost specific operational management. Human resource management in an Educational institution is an important aspect of its operations. Their job is to maintain the standards of the university improve it and give motivation to students and teachers to motivate themselves. With a huge number of students and the quite large group of administration staff, it becomes a tough task for the Human resource tea m to consider the effective human resource management(Dr.Sharma, 2015). Business Problem and opportunity The BABOK analysis system provides ample techniques to identify and analyses the businesss needs. There is therefore ample scope for the Griffith University to examine and understand the changes and updates. The main techniques mentioned in the V3 of the BABOK guide are Business Capabilities Analysis, Concept Modeling, Decision Analysis, Estimation, Financial Analysis, SWOT analysis, process analyzing and many more. The need for proper human resource management and operational manage is a necessity at the Griffith University(Brennan, 2009). The stakeholder of the Griffith University, the investors, the students, the administrators, the government and the local administrator all play an important part in creating the perfect solution for the pave been problems highlighted in the previous section. Business analysis suggests that students are met with a change in how they study as well as their evaluation. The new introduction of the three semester rule has also made students feel challenged at the university, the changes in the mode and style of study are affecting are affecting students as well as teachers who teach them. Business Goals and Objectives The Business goals and objectives of the Griffith University are varied as their main aim is to create education and disperse them within students. But to effectively create better students and deliver good education there is a need for good educators. The retaining of good educators and the administration process surely can be said as an important part of the goals and objectives of the study. The business goals as observed for the University of Griffith is it create educational opportunities for students in various disciples who are competitive and are employable. The Griffith University ensures that all students are capable and are educationally qualified to enter the university their main aim being to cater to the needs of the students who deserve the education(Mushtaq, 2012). To fulfill the desired goal another one has to be realized, which include as the joining and retaining of qualified educators and staff that are able to handle the needs of the students and offer them great education. The new evaluation scheme and the new system of six week study plan is designed to increase the potential of the students who are usually too much burdened with education. The recent change in the system of education ensures that the students understand the timeframes they are allocated for each session, and also get a good idea of how to prepare themselves within the stipulated time. The best part is that the new system creates a systematic evaluation system, which makes the Griffith University one of the leading Universities in Australia(Khan, 2015). Business Problem The Griffith University also faces a number of business problems and opportunities within itself. The current scheme of education was quite boring and was too much traditional. With the introduction of the new cloud based teaching and learning programs, now students can learn and get education at any time. The new revolution in education at Griffith University, cloud study programs are enabling students to take their learning process a step ahead and create something of the future. But still without the proper use of Human resources there is a lack of people who understand how to use these valuable techniques(Roberts, 2011). Desired Outcome The Human resource team is expected to help solve the problem of poor human resource planning and execution. The human resource team, is required to provide solution to create the best possible plan to make the students find their education shave not been proven helpful for the company who can tem a proper system and help administrators manage the system better. This is the proper method to reduce the operational cost, by letting go of assets and people who have not been found to be beneficial for the company(Ali, 2009). Stakeholder Analysis Attitude The objective of the stakeholder analysis for any company is to find out the effects that are expected to be seen by them following a change in processes of the business or other change. The different concept of education created a truffle between the ideal methods of teaching in Griffith University. The need for the stakeholder analysis is important as it provides the method for businesses to understand and work towards addressing the different needs of the company. The students who were the most affected by the change in the curriculum, examination pattern and the teaching methods are undergoing change, the change in how students study has become an important part of modern study in Griffith University. The new evaluation system challenges the existing methodology of education at the university(MariĆ¡, 2013). Stakeholder Details The new system of six week study periods provide students with ample time to study properly and even make them have a proper planned way of learning. The proper planning and analysis is followed by the proper Requirement management part where the various changes and its effects are weighted and the nest way for fulfilling the required needs is evaluated. Once the analysis is completed the best way to fulfill the needs is documented. Plans are create and evaluated for prospective results. There has been a change of evaluation process as well as the study pattern for students at the Griffith University. This change in evaluation and study process has created many changes in the operational method of the university. There is a change in how teachers teach and how students are expected to be evaluated. The use of cloud based education makes it easy for students to reach out to their study materials, course books, as well as other study information and resources through the internet. The change of education system has been adopted by multiple universities and it is important for the university to understand the different requirements of the students. These include new systems and techniques of teaching, new study materials and evaluation system which will be used(Bryson, 2011). Technique Since the BABOK is a collection of knowledge, as well as activities and tasks that are relevant to the study we shall consider them in our report and use the techniques and systems to evaluate the case study in question. The main method of the analysis of a business is currently the different methods mentioned in the BABOK. There are different methods mentioned. For an educational institute such as the Griffith University it is necessary(Reed, 2011) It will be analyzed throughout the report that the new evaluation and study system of Six week Study period and the introduction of the new and developed system of study like cloud computing etc. have had a distinct impact on the operation and human resource management of the Griffith University. The University has created methods that can implement the new techniques of studying in an era that is connected digitally throughout the world. The open connectedness has created ample scope for the University of Griffith to use it to their potential. The requirement is to use financial analysis and brainstorming new ideas to implement the cloud computing better into the curriculum. The use of proper organizational modeling will allow the Griffith University to create an organizational model that can handle these changes in methods and evaluation systems. The main stakeholders in the case study of the Griffith University are the teachers, administrative staff and the students who create the better evaluation process for the universitys proper setup. The BABOK is a technical system which provides analytical processes and techniques by which a business can analyses its activities and position and help themselves find a dedicated solution(Graves, 2014). Complexity The main hindrances in the implementation of proper techniques of the BABOK system is definitely the complexity of stakeholder group which creates the possibilities of different proposals and different outcomes. Not all stakeholders hold the same value or importance but for most stakeholders, they are the source of new ideas and are to be protected through proper planning and management. The attitude and influence of the stakeholders also matter in the education system and large scale education industry like Griffith University. The classified and extended knowledge of the stakeholders are necessary for the proper evaluation of the stakeholder details. There are a number of relationships between the stakeholders and their attributes which include the following- The role of the stakeholder in the company, the status of the stakeholder in the company, the interest and influence level of a stakeholder is also an important aspect to consider while creating solutions. The main aim is to c reate a Stakeholder management which ensures that no stakeholders interests are hampered. Here the stakeholders being the administrators and the students, there is a need for creating a management plan that does not endanger the interest of both the sections. The stakeholders are to be evaluated using the BABOK techniques which include the proper document analysis., Brainstorming for new ideas is also a new technique through which businesses like the Griffith university can attain a status of equilibrium. The demands of the stakeholders and the proposed action from the university can be properly evaluated using better Stakeholder Analysis method mentioned under BABOK(Dandy, 2009). The Griffith University has a varied number of courses to offer these include business and government studies. There are other interesting topics as well, for example studies and course which deal with criminology. This is included with various degrees like law. There are many coursed on education industry. Engineering and information technology remains as one of the most popular courses at the Griffith University. Other courses that are significant include- studies related to environment, the courses of planning and architecture. A few of the popular course are humanities and languages health, aviation and many more(Posthumus, 2010). There are various documents that illustrate the new model of evaluation as well as the new six week study plans applicable for students on their website. The various techniques of analysis and thinking of proper solutions which include document analysis, the process of brainstorming, interviewing prospective candidates for administrative, educational purposes as well as evaluate the potential of students toy understand the requirements and solutions required for a proper evaluation of the case study(Morris, 2010). Approach to Requirements Management The students of the Griffith University require proper guidance and a proper requirement analysis and proper management of the requirements. The main issue here is definitely the lack of proper business analysis. The Griffith University has ample number of administrative staff and an even larger fleet of tech savvy students but the lack of creating a bridge between the requirement and the solutions, valuable time, efforts and resources are being used up. The new six week study plans as well as the new evaluation models are all new changes to existing system of education, evaluation and management. The process of Requirement Management ensures that the management is able to trace the requirements and make possible changes in the existing system or software for creating and tracing the changes in the management system. The requirement is also to understand the scope or opportunity of the system, viz., the new evaluation system and six week study plans. Also another need is required to be fulfilled for successful management facilities and the ease of communication among peers, administration and students. This makes it essential for the new cloud based education system to be a successful venture since students will use it to access and retrieve information on the go, throughout the day(Heijer, 2011). Solution Scope and Business Case Solution Scope There are multiple solutions for the problems faced by students and administrators as well as human resource management team. The main reason for this is that there is very poor panning for management of different sections of the university operations. The management team is hardly effective in creating a proper and working plan to manage the administrators. The main problem as explained by the teachers and staff at the University of Griffith is the lack of proper processes and also a lack of proper knowledge among students, stakeholders, teacher and administrative staff. The lack of communication within two systems is also an important aspect to judge. The BABOK suggests the different processes to ensure that all stakeholders can see their requirements being handled with care and that the requirements are illustrated to stakeholders individually(Oakley, 2015). Business Case Students are requiring special focus on study due to the change of their study plans. With the six week old study plan, students now can complete a section of their study without being pressurized by the other parts. The integration of modules and systems are easier with the cloud based study and the six week long evaluation. The new study plan also provides ample scope for the teachers to evaluate whether a student has really grasped a subject. Since the new evaluation process focuses on the depth of knowledge, the ease of use. The operational cost for the Griffith University is a major factor in how the new system of evaluation is created and implemented. Students are required to study six weeks and attend the workshops, seminars, and lectures, classes to be able to complete their assessment and get their credits(Felder, 2011). The technology savvy teachers and students are making the education system easy with the use of cloud computing facilities. This is a reason why it can now be said that even though the students still have to study religiously and have to come up with the pressure of assignment submissions, the process has been made easier. The management is now able to make use of proper human resources, earlier when the human resources section ere underdeveloped, it was not possible for students to find their study pattern easy, it used to be monotonous, now it has been turned dynamic(Brent, 2004). The Griffith University being the home to about 40000 students needs proper management and human resource planning to effectively create a better educational institute. Since the institute has already established itself as a renowned institute, the next step for the management and the Human resource management team would be to revise and re construct the operational methods, revise the operational cost an d reduce excessive costs. These can be illustrated as handing out paper notes, for which cloud based library or learning system can be introduced. Also to reduce the amount of examinations and also reduce the amount of resources spent on examinations and evaluation process, the six week long learning period is the ideal solution. This system is beneficial, since it reduces the amount of examinations being conducted and also provided the students with time to prepare(Elhajj, 2004). Requirements Analysis There are multiple reasons why there is a need for the Business requirements evaluation in the case of Griffith University. The business requirements as illustrated in the earlier section of this report states that the University has a large number of students, as well as a growing number of administrative people, even though there are a lack of proper guidance . The University surely lags in the implications and starting of new and modern teaching and evaluation systems. The major business requirements of the University of Griffith are the availability of proper methods of teaching. When the world is adopting the cloud based learning, Griffith University should start their own cloud based learning service. In A vital part of the Business Capabilities Analysis is done during the BABOK, where the company analyses the capabilities and the business prospects of a company ; Another step is the Concept Modeling step, when the people finalizing they create the concept and strive towards fu lfilling them. Another step is the financial analysis. Where the proper financial estimation for the project is estimated the process analysis step analyses the various steps or the process required to improve students education as well as implement the new techniques of evaluation and teaching. Other significant part in the business requirement solution includes, making estimation, creating and evaluating SWOT analysis and more. The financial decisions of the University of Griffith should only be taken by proper authority(Topno, 2012). Stakeholders are considered to be an important part of the Existence and the operation of any business entity. BABOK describes the Stakeholder Concerns and describes how the stakeholders assuming and their ease of creating a unique case of business affects the effective way. Stakeholder concerns are quite a few and it would be tough it simply make a jest of them. The most common and the most Important of the one are the organizational cultures as well as the employees and workers readiness to accept any challenge. They also concern is the assumptions which have already made an important over the way the organization works. The risks are also to be carefully evaluated on all sectors which contain the number and percentage of risks and problems that might occur. Also the need of the hour is to segregate the whole project into small parts for quickly accessing the information, getting better protection, since taking small sections also reduce the scope for errors. The requirements and a ssessing the requirement is a tough job which requires the careful evaluation of the processes(Firesmith, 2005).that the Stakeholders, students and administrators do not feel uneasy. There are a variety of functional requirements that are relevant to the aforementioned case. A few of these are highlighted as authorization of information and levels of information, rules of business, auditing , requirements for the certification purpose, even authentication for students who are enrolling into the various courses are a necessity. All of these register as functional requirements. The Griffith University has a large scale requirement of the functional part. Since being an educational institute, there is a process already in effect to authorize and authenticate the students. Also the reporting status and requirements are also measured and controlled for safety. The way the University handles legal regularities is also an important part of the Functional Requirements of the University. Wit h a large group of students to handle, it is important that ideal processes are in action and proper reports are created for the same reason of authentication and authorization. The functional section handles how a certain section or process should work or have certain features. This section can include the necessary features that need to be included in the new Cloud based learning system and hold the key to the development of the external interface for learning(Staaden, 2012). Nonfunctional requirements are simpler to understand, they simply provide the information on how certain systems and processes should perform their designated function. Also the limitations and bindings of a process are illustrated through the nonfunctional part. The nonfunctional section of the process of providing cloud based all day long education will be required to be evaluated on many different grounds. These grounds are the capacity of the system to provide the students with the information or knowledge they require. The system will also be evaluated, based on the ability to recover and maintain its database. The security of data and ease of the service will also be a deciding factor. The students should also be able to recover a good volume of information and get the information they need at their fingertips, so a system of good volume is required with good capacity to perform in the right way. Regulations and integrity are important aspects of the Nonfunctional requirements. The evaluation system should also have certain qualities that help the user create better connection with the correction process. The best way to achieve this is to create a system that would be readily available but should be able to complete necessary functions. The system should be easy to handle pressure, be easy environment for the students(Hojaji, 2012). Process analysis and financial planning is an aspect of the management of the Griffith University. With many stakeholders suggesting a variety of solutions it is quite impossible for a person to compare each and every factor of the case. The BABOK suggests a systematic plan for the development of a great business process. The first step mentioned requires, planning as well as monitoring by the businesss representatives and analysts. The next step is to include the stakeholders who would also be a part of the journey. The following steps for the business process analysis includes the collaborations, creation of the life cycle of the requirement and the proper management processes, creating strategies for the requirements at hand- viz. the requirement of a cloud based education system as well as the development of the new evaluation system. The other steps are the following: The step to analyze requirements and the specifications of designs that are necessary. After the designs are cre ated there are scope for creating solutions for different challenges in design, strategies etc. Finally it would be easy to say that development of the requirements is the most important step in the process analysis. The process of providing cloud based information and study material should be made easy so that even technologically challenged students and teachers can access it(Ashman, 2008). Conclusion The most important points discussed in the above report for the University of Griffith are the different aspects of the business management and student administrative staff management. Through the use of better and effective human resource plans, that is possible and easy to achieve. Throughout the report the need for the necessary planning and the solutions for these problems have been highlighted. We also have explored possible reasons for conflict in interest and solutions to their problems. Finding the right way to effectively reduce the problems in implementing the new study plans and examination are important. References Ali, N. (2009). The Factors Influencing Students Performance at Universiti Teknologi MARA Kedah. Canadian Research Development Center of Sciences and Cultures. Ashman, K. K. (2008). Understanding Generalist Practice. Cengage Learning. Brennan, K. (2009). A Guide to the Business Analysis Body of Knowledger. International Institute of Business Analysis. Brent, R. (2004). Turning Student Groups into Effective Teams. Education Designs, Inc. Bryson, J. M. (2011). Stakeholder Identification and Analysis Techniques. University of Minnesota. Charline, A. (2011). Griffith University. Onym Press. Dandy, N. (2009). Whos in and why? A typology of stakeholder analysis methods for natural. Journal of Environmental Management. Dr.Sharma, P. (2015). The Future of Business Education Post the GFC. Journal of Business Ethics Education, 5-10. Elhajj, I. (2004). Turning Student Groups into Effective Teams. Oakland University. Felder, R. M. (2011). Turning Student Groups into Effective Teams. Journal of Education Management. Firesmith, D. (2005). Quality Requirements Checklist . JOURNAL OF OBJECT TECHNOLOGY, 1-8. Graves, A. (2014). Stakeholder analysis in college. Journal of Environmental Management, 5-30. Heijer, A. C. (2011). Managing the University Campus: Information to Support Real Estate Decisions. Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. Hojaji, F. (2012). Five Aspects of Application Integration Requirements. ARPN Journal of Systems and Software, 1-7. Khan, S. N. (2015). Factors Affecting Students Academic Performance . Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 99-105. MariĆ¡, I. (2013). STAKEHOLDER ANALISYS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 217-226. Morris, J. (2010). stakeholder analysis methods. Journal of Environmental Management. Mushtaq, I. (2012). Factors Affecting Students Academic Performance . Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 1-7. Oakley, B. (2015). Turning Student Groups into Effective Teams. New Forums Press. Posthumus, H. (2010). A typology of stakeholder analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 8-156. Reed, M. S. (2011). Whos in and why? 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Vaccine Could Protect Against Stroke And Epilepsy Essays

Vaccine Could Protect Against Stroke And Epilepsy Vaccine Could Protect Against Stroke And Epilepsy Damage February 25, 2000 A new oral vaccine has offered new hope because of its effectiveness in protecting laboratory rats against brain damage from epilepsy and stroke, and might one day be used to help humans with the same conditions. The vaccine blocks a protein in the brain called NMDA, but does so only when epilepsy or stroke occur. The vaccine is released in the brain as needed and is protected from any side effects. During and colleagues immunized another group of rats and after five months induced stroke in them by blocking an artery in the brain. The rats still experienced strokes, but the size of the brain damage was 70 percent less in immunized rats compared with animals that didn't receive the treatment. This concept could be useful in treating other neurological disorders as well. NMDA is a receptor that responds to the chemical glutamate in the brain, the glutamate/NMDA complex is responsible for many normal brain functions like the development of neurons, learning and memory. Blocking the NMD A receptor in general could have damaging effects. However, the NMDA receptor is also involved in a chain of events that contribute to neurological damage from epilepsy, stroke and head injuries. To create the vaccine, the researchers added the gene that codes for the NMDA receptor to a virus. When this gene and virus combination enter the animal's bloodstream, the immune system creates antibodies to both the virus and NMDA. These antibodies circulate in the blood, but are prevented from entering the brain by the blood brain barrier, a tightly packed group of cells that line blood vessels in the brain. The blood brain barrier is a protective mechanism that prevents many large molecules, such as these antibodies, from entering the brain. Yet during times of neurological insult, like epilepsy and stroke, the blood brain barrier is compromised, and the antibodies do enter the brain. They then seek out and block the NMDA receptor, preventing some brain damage from occurring. Soon afterw ards, the blood brain barrier is restored, and the antibodies no longer have an effect on the brain. The biotechnological aspect of this article is evident because of the lengthy research and use of lab rats to secure the validity of this new approach to reduce the risk of brain damage after seizures or strokes. The scientists involved first isolated a receptor in the brain, understood its functions, and then found a way to block its effects that can be detrimental to the brain after a stroke. Although this new form of treatment has not been tested on humans, I believe that this will lead to some very helpful discoveries. The potential this treatment has is immense and usefulness unknowable. If one of my family members were to have a stroke and come out nothing like his/her former self I would certainly wish that there had been something to prevent the brain damage from occurring. Vaccine Could Protect Against Stroke And Epilepsy Damage February 25, 2000 An oral vaccine has proven to be effective in protecting laboratory rats against brain damage from epilepsy and stroke, and might one day be used to help humans with the same conditions. The vaccine blocks a protein in the brain called NMDA, but does so only when epilepsy or strokes occur. Therefore, the brain is helped by the vaccine in times of need, yet is protected from any side effects like deficits in movement, learning and memory that could result from blocking NMDA during normal brain functioning. ``We've known for a long time about the mind-body connection how the brain talks to the immune system,'' said Dr. Matthew During, professor of neurosurgery at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. ``Here, we're saying the opposite the immune system talks to the brain and that can be used as a very powerful tool, almost a scalpel, to target specific receptors in the brain.'' The researchers, led by During, began by giving the vaccine to 100 rats, and a month later, induced epile ptic-like seizures in them with a drug called kainate. Although normally 70 percent of rats given kainate would have seizures, only 20 percent of the rats that were